infestans the resistance of the varieties is wiped out within a decade. However, due to very divers’ virulence nature of P. The host resistance is best option for management of this disease. The cultural practices will also helpful in reducing inoculum load and managing the disease. As infected potato tubers cause the primary sources of infection in next season. Forecasting is the better option for management of late blight, if accurately forecasted and promptly information reaches to the end users. Management strategies includes forecasting, cultural, biological, varietal and chemical management. The factors which are responsible for huge yield loss of potato are applied improper management strategies and pathogen behavior. Moreover, this disease is re-emerging in the forms of different genotypes and causes huge yield loss in the potato crop. Eliminate weeds and rotate tomatoes with non-host crops.Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the most important crop and Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary is the oomycete, which was responsible for infamous Irish potato famine during 1843–45 and it continues to cause worldwide devastation of the potato. Remove plant debris and til or disk soil several times before planting. Avoid planting during wet weather with expected high temperatures. Prevention steps include solarization, crop rotation, and maintaining soil pH level for tomatoes. Soil fumigants can be used but are expensive. Fungicides and biofungicides can help manage southern blight. Solarizing the soil before planting can effectively kill spores. Prevention is the best treatment for this fungus. Southern blight can persist in soil for years. Plants wilt and fall over and fruits that contact soil develop yellow spots that turn to watersoaked lesions. Black-brown lesions appear on stems near ground level and spread rapidly forming a white mold that produces sunken brown necrotic tissue. More prevalent in southern regions, it favors high temperatures, moist conditions and acidic soil. Southern blight is caused by the soilborne fungus Athelia rolfsii. Rotate your tomato crops every three years. Clean tools before and after working with plants, water at ground level and control insect pests. Remove fallen leaves and debris from the garden immediately. Good garden sanitation is critical for preventing septoria leaf spot. This is another fungus that thrives in warm, wet weather so watch for symptoms and act immediately. The most effective treatment is to control the spread which requires repeated applications with a tomato fungicide or biofungicide for the entire tomato crop. Insects, tools and water all spread fungus spores which remain in soil for up to two years Early leaf drop leads to fruit loss and sunscald. It spreads rapidly causing loss of older leaves, then infects new foliage, and can quickly move through an entire crop. Symptoms are similar to early blight, but septoria more often appears at first fruit set. Septoria leaf spot is caused by the Septoria fungus and appears on leaves as multiple small, dark, round circles. Practice good weed control and rotate crops every two years along with other nightshades. Remove and dispose of rotten fruit and debris. Use certified seed and plant in well-draining soil. Prevent anthracnose by staking plants, mulching, and watering at soil level. Avoid letting tomatoes overripen on the vine. Apply tomato fungicide to your entire crop at the first sign of infection or when weather conditions are favorable for disease to take hold. Dozens of weeds and other plants host this fungus which overwinters in soil and plant debris.įungicides are more effective used as a preventive. Infection starts in small Immature fruits but symptoms don't appear until ripening. Leaves may develop small, round spots with yellow halos. Small, sunken, water-soaked spots appear on fruit and increase in concentric circles causing tomatoes to rot. The Spruce Home Improvement Review BoardĪnthracnose is a disease infecting mostly fruits caused by Colletotrichum coccodes, a fungus that favors warm temperatures and wet conditions.
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